၃၇၇၃ျဖင့္ စာတမ္းငယ္အလြယ္ေရးနည္း။

က်ိဳးေၾကာင္းျပ စာစီစာကံုး၊ စာတမ္းငယ္ (Analytical Essay)ေရးတယ္ဆုိတာ လြယ္ကူတဲ့ အလုပ္တစ္ခု မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ အေလ့အက်င့္ မရွိတဲ့လူေတြအဖုိ႕ စာရြက္နဲ႕ ခဲတံ ေပးထားလဲ အခ်ိန္တုိအတြင္းမွာ ေကာင္းမြန္တဲ့ စာတမ္းငယ္တစ္ေစာင္ ေရးသားဖုိ႕က အခက္အခဲ ရွိပါတယ္။ ေကာင္းမြန္စြာ ေလ့က်င့္ထားတဲ့ အေတြ႕အႀကံဳရင့္ ပညာရွင္မ်ားပင္လ်င္ စိတ္မပါလုိ႕ရွိရင္ အရည္အေသြးမီ စာတမ္းႈငယ္မ်ား ေရးသားႏုိင္ျခင္း မရွိပါဘူး။

ဒါေပမဲ့ မေရးပဲ ေနလုိ႕ကလဲ မျဖစ္ဘူးေလ။ ဘာလုိ႕လဲဆုိေတာ့ အေမရိကားႏွင့္တကြ ကမၻာအႏွံ႕အျပားမွာ ဘြဲ႕ႀကိဳ/ဘြဲ႕လြန္ ဒီပလုိမာ၊ ဒီဂရီ၊ မဟာဘြဲ႕ စတာေတြကို တက္ေရာက္ဖုိ႕ လုိအပ္တဲ့ တုိဖယ္လ္/တီဒဗလ်ဴအီး (TOEFL/TWE) စာေမးပြဲေတြ၊ အက္စ္ေအတီ ၁ (SAT I) နဲ႕ အေထြေထြ ဂ်ီအာရ္အီး (GRE - General) စာေမးပြဲေတြမွာ အခ်ိန္တုိ မိနစ္ ၃၀ မွ ၄၅ မိနစ္အတြင္း က်ိဳးေၾကာင္းျပ စာစီစာကံုး၊ စာတမ္းငယ္မ်ားကုိ ေရးသားသီကံုးဖုိ႕ လုိအပ္လုိ႕ပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ဒီေလာက္ခက္ခဲတဲ့ စာတမ္းငယ္ေရးသားျခင္းကုိ အခ်ိန္တုိအတြင္း အရည္အေသြးမီ ေရးသားႏုိင္ဖုိ႕ ျဖတ္လမ္းနည္းတစ္ခုေတာ့ ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒီနည္းကုိ ပညာေရး၊ လူမႈေရး၊ စီးပြားေရးဆုိင္ရာ နယ္ပယ္မ်ားမွာ အသံုးမျပဳႏုိင္ေပမဲ့ စာေမးပြဲမ်ား ေျဖဆုိရာမွာ အခ်ိန္တုိ (နာရီ၀က္ - မိနစ္ ၄၀) အတြင္း အရည္အေသြးမီ စာတမ္းငယ္မ်ား ေရးသားဖုိ႕ အသံုးျပဳႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ ယခု ၃၇၇၃ (သရီး ဆဲဗင္း ဆဲဗင္း သရီး) လုိ႕ အလြယ္ေခၚေ၀ၚၾကတဲ့ စာတမ္းငယ္ေရးသားနည္းကုိ ေဖာ္ျပမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

၃၇၇၃ ဆုိတဲ့ ဂဏန္း ၄ လံုးဟာ စာပုိဒ္ေလးပုိဒ္မွာပါ၀င္တဲ့ ၀ါက်ေၾကာင္းေရကုိ ေဖာ္ျပတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ (ပံုမွန္အားျဖင့္ ဒီနည္းနဲ႕ ေရးတဲ့ စာတမ္းငယ္မ်ားဟာ စာလံုးေရ ၃၀၀ - ၄၅၀ ၾကား ေရးသားသူရဲ႕ စကားလံုး ၾကြယ္၀မႈေပၚမူတည္ၿပီး ရွိတတ္လုိ႕ စာေမးပြဲမ်ားရဲ႕ လုိအပ္ခ်က္နဲ႕ ကြက္တိပါပဲ) ဆုိလုိတာက ပထမ နိဒါန္း စာပုိဒ္မွာ ၀ါက် ၃ေၾကာင္း၊ ဒုတိယနဲ႕ တတိယစာပုိဒ္မ်ားမွာ ၀ါက် ၇ေၾကာင္းစီနဲ႕ ေနာက္ဆံုး နိဂံုး စာပုိဒ္မွာ ၀ါက် ၃ေၾကာင္း ပါ၀င္ရမယ္လုိ႕ ဆုိလုိတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

အဆုိပါ၀ါက်မ်ားမွာ ဘာေတြ ေရးထည့္လုိက္ရမယ္ ဆုိတာကုိ မေျပာခင္မွာ စာေမးပြဲေတြမွာ ေမးေလ့ရွိတဲ့ ေမးခြန္းပံုစံကုိ ၾကည့္ၾကစုိ႕။ မ်ားေသာအားျဖင့္ ေမးေလ့ရွိတာက ႀကိဳတင္ျပင္ဆင္မႈ မလုိအပ္တဲ့ အေျဖမွန္မရွိတဲ့ အေထြေထြ ၀ိေရာဓိ ေမးခြန္းေတြပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဥပမာအားျဖင့္ သုေတသနလုပ္ငန္းမ်ားအေနႏွင့္ အေျခခံ လုိအပ္ခ်က္မ်ားကုိ ျဖည့္ဆည္းေရး ဦးစားေပးသင့္သလား၊ အဆင့္ျမင့္ နည္းပညာမ်ားကုိ ရွာေဖြေတြ႕ရွိေရး ဦးစားေပးသင့္သလား ဆုိတဲ့ ေမးခြန္းမ်ိဳးပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

အထက္ပါ ဥပမာ ေမးခြန္းအရဆုိရင္ ပထမ နိဒါန္းစာပုိဒ္မွာ ဘာကုိေရးရမလဲဆုိေတာ့ (၁) ၀ိေရာဓိကုိ အနက္ဖြင့္ျပတဲ့ စာေၾကာင္း (၂) အနက္ဖြင့္ျပတဲ့ စာေၾကာင္းကုိ ရွင္းျပခ်က္ (၃) ဒီစာတမ္းမွာေတာ့ ဒီ၀ိေရာဓိကုိ ခ်က္က်လက္က် သံုးသပ္ျပမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္ဆုိတဲ့ အေၾကာင္း ေတြကုိ ေရးရမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ မူကြဲတမ်ိဳးမွာေတာ့ (၁) အေျခခံလုိအပ္ခ်က္ဟာ အေရးႀကီးတယ္လုိ႕ တခ်ိဳ႕က ယူဆၾကတယ္ (၂) တခ်ိဳ႕က်ေတာ့လဲ အဆင့္ျမင့္နည္းပညာမ်ားျပည့္စံုရင္ အေျခခံလုိအပ္ခ်က္ အေရးမႀကီးဘူးလုိ႕ ေျပာတယ္ (၃) ဒီ၀ိေရာဓိကုိ သံုးသပ္ျပမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္လုိ႕ ေရးခုိင္းၾကပါတယ္။ ဒါကေတာ့ ေမးခြန္းေပၚမွာ မူတည္ၿပီး သင့္ေတာ္သလုိ လွည့္ပတ္ ေရးသားရမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ဒုတိယစာပုိဒ္နဲ႕ တတိယစာပုိဒ္ ဖြဲ႕စည္းပံုက တူတူပါပဲ။ ဘက္တစ္ဘက္စီကုိ စာပုိဒ္တစ္ပုိဒ္နဲ႕ သံုးသပ္တင္ျပရတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ပံုေသနည္းအရေတာ့ အဆုိတင္သြင္း၀ါက်တစ္ေၾကာင္း၊ ဥပမာျပ၀ါက်တစ္ေၾကာင္းက်စီနဲ႕နဲ႕ အဆုိ ၃ ခုကုိတင္သြင္းၿပီး အပိတ္စာေၾကာင္း တစ္ေၾကာင္း (စုစုေပါင္း ၇ ေၾကာင္း)ေရးရမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ သုိ႕ေသာ္လဲ အႏွစ္သာရအရေတာ့ အေရးအသား ကၽမ္းက်င္ပုိင္ႏုိင္ရင္ ပုိင္ႏုိင္သလုိ အဆုိ ၃ ခု မတင္သြင္းပဲ သင့္ေတာ္သလုိ ဘက္တစ္ဘက္စီအတြက္ စာတစ္ပုိဒ္စီ သံုးသပ္တင္ျပရင္ ၿပီးတာပါပဲ။ (စာေရးသူ ကုိယ္တုိင္ကေတာ့ ပံုေသနည္းကေန နည္းနည္းခြဲထြက္ၿပီး ေရးေလ့ရွိပါတယ္။ ႏုိ႕မုိ႕ဆုိ ကုိယ့္လုိ ပံုေသနည္းသံုးသူေတြ မ်ားေနရင္ ပံုစံတူၿပီး အမွတ္သိပ္မရမွာ စုိးလုိ႕ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။)

ေနာက္ဆံုးစာပုိဒ္ (နိဂံုး) မွာေတာ့ (၁) ဒုတိယစာပုိဒ္ရဲ႕ အခ်ဳပ္ (၂) တတိယစာပုိဒ္ရဲ႕ အခ်ဳပ္နဲ႕ (၃) ကုိယ့္အျမင္ကုိ ေရးသားရမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဘက္တစ္ဘက္စီရဲ႕ စာပုိဒ္ေတြရဲ႕ အခ်ဳပ္ဆုိတာကေတာ့ ဥပမာအားျဖင့္ က၊ ခ၊ ဂ တုိ႕ေၾကာင့္ အေျခခံလုိအပ္ခ်က္မ်ား အေရးႀကီးပါသည္ ဆုိတာမ်ိဳးေပါ့။ ေနာက္ဆံုး ကုိယ့္အျမင္ကေတာ့ ခ်ံဳၾကည့္လုိက္ရင္ အေျခခံလုိအပ္ခ်က္/အဆင့္ျမင့္နည္းပညာက ပုိအေရးႀကီးသည္ကုိ ေတြ႕ရွိရပါသည္ ဆိုတာမ်ိဳးျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ မူကြဲတမ်ိဳးမွာေတာ့ တူတူပဲ အေရးႀကီးပါတယ္ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ အေျခအေနေပၚ မူတည္ပါတယ္လုိ႕ ေရးခုိင္းပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့လဲ အဲဒီလုိေရးတာက ေကာင္းက်ိဳး ဆုိးကြက္ေတြ ရွိပါတယ္။

ေကာင္းတာကေတာ့ ၿခံစည္းရုိးခြထုိင္တဲ့ အေရးအသားဟာ ကုိယ္နဲ႕တူတူေျဖဆုိတဲ့လူေတြ ေရးသားမွာ မဟုတ္တဲ့အတြက္ အမွတ္မ်ားမ်ားရတတ္ပါတယ္။ ဆုိးတာကေတာ့ ဘက္တစ္ဘက္စီကုိ သံုးသပ္တင္ျပတုန္းက တဘက္ဘက္က အားနည္းေနခဲ့ရင္ တူတူပဲေရးသားတာဟာ ပညာရွင္ မပီသသလုိျဖစ္တတ္တဲ့အတြက္ အမွတ္ေလ်ာ့တတ္ပါတယ္။

ဒီေလာက္ဆုိရင္ျဖင့္ စာရႈသူအေဆြတုိ႕ ၃၇၇၃ ကုိအသံုးျပဳလုိ႕ စာတမ္းငယ္မ်ား ေခ်ာေခ်ာေမြ႕ေမြ႕ ေရးသားႏုိင္ေလာက္ၿပီထင္ပါတယ္။ တစ္ခု မေမ့ဖုိ႕က ၃၇၇၃ ကုိ ၂ ခါ ၃ ခါေလာက္ စမ္းသပ္ေရးသားၿပီးမွ တုိက္ပြဲ၀င္ (စာေမးပြဲေျဖ) ဖုိ႕ပါပဲ။ ၃ - ၄ ခါေလာက္ေလ့က်င့္ၿပီးသြားရင္ ထပ္ေလ့က်င့္စရာမလုိေတာ့ပဲ စာေမးပြဲတုိင္းကုိ ေျဖခ်င္တဲ့အခ်ိန္။ေနရာမွာ ေျဖဆုိႏုိင္မွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ စာေရးသူ ေရးသားထားတဲ့ နမူနာ စာတမ္းငယ္ေတြကုိလဲ ဖတ္ၾကည့္လုိက္ပါဦးေနာ္။ (အားလံုးကုိ ၃၇၇၃ေရးနည္းျဖင့္ မေရးထားပါ)

Impact of Media on Celebrities

Disclaimer: The followings are just an analytical essay for educational purposes only and may not reflect the blogger's opinion on the subject matter.

Movie and TV starts, famous vocalists, politicians, governors and royalties inevitably find that they lost their privacy. Some argue that the lost of privacy is, in fact, the price of their becoming public figure. However, some public figures and their spoke person insisted on maintaining their privacy. In this essay, we are going to analyze the arguments concerning privacy of public figures.

Once a person becomes a celebrity, it is intolerable that he may have a group of fans. The fans love their idol. They respect him. And they are curious of the detailed daily life of their celebrity as if caring parents aware of their child’s affairs. The only difference is that our celebrity is a famous adult who love his privacy. Most of the public understand not to interfere with other people’s affair but they love so deep and feel so familiar with the public figure that they forget the fact that the celebrity in question is a complete stranger to them.

On the other hand, too much curiosity can disturb any person’s individual life. If every detail of the actions and behavior of a celebrity had been recorded and published, he would – no doubt – lose his personal privacy. Privacy is one of the most fundamental human rights. If we are to be civilized, we should respect their individual privacy. For example, a famous pop-star can be a homosexual and, like every gay on earth, he would not like to announce this fact. He may want to keep it secret but his publicity attracts yellow journalists and it is revealed. To whom the pop-star would blame to?

Besides, interfering celebrities’ privacy can cause financial lost and sometimes even harm. A famous artist cannot walk home from work like any other normal personnel as he might run into exciting mob asking for autographs. In this case, he was unintentionally prohibited from walking back home which a typical worker can enjoy. Princess Diana’s death is also another vigorous example of the dark side of publicity interfering personal privacy.

Actually, success and publicity almost always leads to loss of privacy. But fans should be more aware that their idol is also a human being and he or she may want some liberty. Public and journalists should control themselves not to interfere too much into celebrities’ private life. However, public figures should understand that the inevitable price of becoming a big-one is the loss of privacy.

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Investment: to Hi-techs or to Basic Needs

Disclaimer: The followings are just an analytical essay for educational purposes only and may not reflect the blogger's opinion on the subject matter.

The statement, “governments should not invest more on higher technologies, like advance computing, electronic and/or weaponry, while some civilians suffer poverty”, can actually translated into “Macro-economics theories cannot be practiced when the country is under-developed.” In fact, macro-economists, who tend to solve the cause of a problem, and micro-economists, who prefer short-term remedies, fought the similar arguments over many decades. In this essay, I’d contrast the advantages of investing in hi-tech including computer, electronic and communications technologies over spending budget more in solving basic needs.

Basic needs arise from poverty, which, in turn, arises from lack of technologies. A country can never be developed until it obtains proper “technical-know-how” to prop its economy instead of “technical-no-how”. Allocating more budgets for solving basic needs is but a temporary solution as it does not solve the problem. However, spending more research funds in technical fields like computing, computer science and computer engineering is a permanent solution, gaining technological advancement which can solve, eventually in time, basic needs of the whole country.

For example, India government had spent millions of dollars to alleviate the poverty of farmers of remote regions. Despite the amount of funds India government spent over many decades, the farmers were still poor. Finally, India’s Department of Agriculture introduced a scheme where farmers can access the internet (free of charge) via a computer with a hand winding generator on back of wandering bicycles. They can only access internet only once, sometimes twice, a week. However, the farmers are more updated of the price-changes in the grocery market and the poverty problem was somewhat relieved.

Therefore, both spending directly for basic needs and investing in technical matters can help the civilians a lot. However, investment is a long-term and strategic decision whereas solving directly basic needs is a short-term and tactical decision. What amount of budget in percentage to be allotted to each depends on many other factors, including but not limited to country’s population, economic situation, politics and other factors.

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